A percentage expresses a number as a fraction of 100. For example, 25% means 25 out of 100.
Divide X by 100 to convert to decimal form, then multiply by Y. Example: 20% of 50 → 0.20 × 50 = 10.
Divide the first number by the second, then multiply by 100. Example: 15 compared to 60 → (15 ÷ 60) × 100 = 25%.
Subtract the old value from the new value, divide by the absolute value of the old value, and multiply by 100. Example: (75 − 50) ÷ 50 × 100 = 50% increase.
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